list of Muslim Doctors:
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus) (801-873), pioneer ofpharmacology[1]
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman) (810-887)
- Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer of medical encyclopedia[2]
- Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi
- Ishaq bin Ali al-Rahwi (854–931), pioneer ofpeer review and medical peer review[3]
- Abul Hasan al-Tabari - phys
- Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari - physician
- Ibn Al-Jazzar
- Rhazes (Al Razi), also a chemist
- Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (d. 994), pioneer ofobstetrics and perinatology[4]
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis) - father of modern surgery, and pioneer ofneurosurgery,[5] craniotomy,[4] hematology[6]and dental surgery[7]
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), pioneer of eye surgery, visual system[8] and visual perception[9]
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
- Avicenna (Ibn Sina) (980-1037) - father of modern medicine,[10] founder of Unanimedicine,[6] pioneer of experimental medicine,evidence-based medicine, pharmaceutical sciences, clinical pharmacology,[11]aromatherapy,[12] pulsology and sphygmology,[13] and also a philosopher
- Al-Tamimi, the physician (d. 990)
- Ibn Miskawayh
- Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar) - father of experimentalsurgery,[14] and pioneer of experimentalanatomy, experimental physiology, humandissection, autopsy[15] and tracheotomy[16]
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
- Ibn Tufail (Abubacer)
- Averroes
- Ibn al-Baitar
- Mehmet Oz Famous American-Turkish heart surgeon, the founder and chairman ofHealthCorps
- Mohammad Samir Hossain, a theorist[17]author and one of the few Muslim scientists[18] in the field of Death anxiety (psychology) research.[17][19]
- Nasir al-Din Tusi
- Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), father ofcirculatory physiology, pioneer of circulatoryanatomy,[20] and founder of Nafisian anatomy,physiology,[21] pulsology and sphygmology[22]
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī
- Ibn al-Khatib (1313–1374)
- Mansur ibn Ilyas
- Frederick Akbar Mahomed (d. 1884), made substantial contributions to study ofhypertension and process of clinical trials[23]
- Saghir Akhtar - pharmacist
- Sania Nishtar Pakistani cardiologist, author and activist, working for WHO
- Toffy Musivand
- Muhammad B. Yunus, the "father of our modern view of fibromyalgia"[24]
- Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, pioneer ofbiomedical research in space[25][26]
- Agha (Hakim) Muhammad Baqir , authority on Unani medicine, Chief Physician to the Maharaja of Kashmir[27][28]
- Hakim Muhammad Said - specialist in Unanimedicine, author.
- Hakim Syed Zillur Rahman - specialist inUnani medicine, author and founder of Ibn Sina Academy of Medieval Medicine and Sciences.
- Ibrahim B. Syed - radiologist
- Syed Ziaur Rahman - specialist inPharmacology
- Nizam Peerwani
Astronomers:
- Sind ibn Ali (?-864)
- Ali Qushji (1403-1474)
- Ahmad Khani (1650-1707)
- Ibrahim al-Fazari (?-777)
- Muhammad al-Fazari (?-796 or 806)
- Al-Khwarizmi, Mathematician (c. 780-c. 850)
- Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar) (787-886 CE)
- Al-Farghani (800/805-870)
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa) (9th century)
- Dīnawarī (815-896)
- Al-Majriti (d. 1008 or 1007 CE)
- Al-Battani (c. 858-929) (Albatenius)
- Al-Farabi (c. 872-c. 950) (Abunaser)
- Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (903-986)
- Abu Sa'id Gorgani (9th century)
- Kushyar ibn Labban (971-1029)
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900-971)
- Al-Mahani (8th century)
- Al-Marwazi (9th century)
- Al-Nayrizi (865-922)
- Al-Saghani (d. 990)
- Al-Farghani (9th century)
- Abu Nasr Mansur (970-1036)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (10th century) (Kuhi)
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi (940-1000)
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī (940-998)
- Ibn Yunus (950-1009)
- Ibn al-Haytham (965-1040) (Alhacen)
- Bīrūnī (973-1048)
- Avicenna (980-1037) (Ibn Sīnā)
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (1029-1087) (Arzachel)
- Omar Khayyám (1048-1131)
- Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130)
- Ibn Bajjah (1095-1138) (Avempace)
- Ibn Tufail (1105-1185) (Abubacer)
- Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (12th century-1204) (Alpetragius)
- Averroes (1126-1198)
- Al-Jazari (1136-1206)
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī (died 1213/4)
- Anvari (1126-1189)
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi (died 1566)
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201-1274)
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236-1311)
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (1250-1310)
- Ibn al-Shatir (1304-1375)
- Shams al-Dīn Abū Abd Allāh al-Khalīlī (1320-80)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī (1380-1429)
- Ulugh Beg (1394-1449)
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526-1585)
- Ahmad Nahavandi (8th and 9th centuries)
- Haly Abenragel (10th and 11th century)
- Abolfadl Harawi (10th century)
- Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi (1200-1266)
Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists:
- Aziz Sancar, Turkish biochemist, the first Muslim biologist awarded the Nobel Prize
- Ibn Sirin (654-728), author of work ondreams and dream interpretation[1]
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus), pioneer ofpsychotherapy and music therapy[2]
- Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari, pioneer ofpsychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology[3]
- Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi, pioneer of mental health,[4] medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy,psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine[5]
- Al-Farabi (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies[6]
- Ali ibn Abbas al-Majusi (Haly Abbas), pioneer of neuroanatomy, neurobiology andneurophysiology[6]
- Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery[7]
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), founder ofexperimental psychology, psychophysics,phenomenology and visual perception[8]
- Al-Biruni, pioneer of reaction time[9]
- Avicenna (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer ofneuropsychiatry,[10] thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness[11]
- Ibn Zuhr (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurologyand neuropharmacology[7]
- Syed Ziaur Rahman, pioneer of Environmental Pharmacovigilance
- Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease[7]
- Ibn Tufail, pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture[12]
- Mohammad Samir Hossain, theorist,[13]author and one of the few Muslim scientists[14] in the field of death anxietyresearch[13][15]
Chemists and alchemists:
- Khalid ibn Yazid (died 704) (Calid)
- Jafar al-Sadiq (702-765)
- Jābir ibn Hayyān (721-815) (Geber), father of chemistry[16][17][18]
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (810-887) (Armen Firman)
- Al-Kindi (801-873) (Alkindus)
- Al-Majriti (fl. 1007-1008)
- Ibn Miskawayh (932-1030)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048)
- Avicenna (980-1037)
- Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130)
- Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201-1274)
- Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406)
- Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (1897-1994)
- Al-Khwārizmī (780-850), algebra,mathematics
- Ahmed H. Zewail (1946-2016), Egyptian Chemist and 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[19]
- Mostafa El-Sayed (1933- )
- Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936- )
- Atta ur Rahman
- Omar M. Yaghi (1965- )
Economists and social scientists:
- Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699–767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
- Abu Yusuf (731–798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar
- Al-Saghani (d. 990), one of the earliesthistorians of science[20]
- Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973–1048), considered the "first anthropologist"[21] and father of Indology[22]
- Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (980–1037), economist
- Ibn Miskawayh (b. 1030), economist
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058–1111), economist
- Al-Mawardi (1075–1158), economist
- Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201–1274), economist
- Ibn al-Nafis (1213–1288), sociologist
- Ibn Taymiyyah (1263–1328), economist
- Ibn Khaldun (1332–1406), forerunner ofsocial sciences[23] such as demography,[24]cultural history,[25] historiography,[26]philosophy of history,[27] sociology[24][27] andeconomics[28][29]
- Al-Maqrizi (1364–1442), economist
- Akhtar Hameed Khan, Pakistani social scientist; pioneer of microcredit
- Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Prize winner Bangladeshi economist; pioneer ofmicrofinance
- Shah Abdul Hannan, pioneer of Islamic banking in South Asia
- Mahbub ul Haq, Pakistani economist; developer of Human Development Index and founder of Human Development Report[30][31]
Geographers and earth scientists:
- Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography[32]
- Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science[33]
- Ibn Al-Jazzar
- Al-Tamimi
- Al-Masihi
- Ali ibn Ridwan
- Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer
- Ahmad ibn Fadlan
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father ofgeodesy,[21][24] considered the first geologistand "first anthropologist"[21]
- Avicenna
- Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi
- Averroes
- Ibn al-Nafis
- Ibn Jubayr
- Ibn Battuta
- Ibn Khaldun
- Piri Reis
- Evliya Çelebi
Mathemathician:
- Masatoshi Gündüz Ikeda (1926 Tokyo–2003 Ankara)
- Cahit Arf 1910 Selanik (Thessaloniki)- 1997 Istanbul
- Ali Qushji
- Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn Matar
- Khalid ibn Yazid (Calid)
- Muhammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī(Algorismi), father of algebra[34] andalgorithms[35]
- 'Abd al-Hamīd ibn Turk
- Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī (1412–1482), pioneer of symbolic algebra[36]
- Abū Kāmil Shujā ibn Aslam
- Al-Abbās ibn Said al-Jawharī
- Al-Kindi (Alkindus)
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa)
- Al-Khwarizmi
- Al-Mahani
- Ahmed ibn Yusuf
- Al-Majriti
- Al-Battani (Albatenius)
- Al-Farabi (Abunaser)
- Al-Nayrizi
- Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin
- Brethren of Purity
- Abu'l-Hasan al-Uqlidisi
- Al-Saghani
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī
- Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi
- Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī
- Ibn Sahl
- Al-Sijzi
- Ibn Yunus
- Abu Nasr Mansur
- Kushyar ibn Labban
- Al-Karaji
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen/Alhazen)
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī
- Ibn Tahir al-Baghdadi
- Al-Nasawi
- Al-Jayyani
- Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (Arzachel)
- Al-Mu'taman ibn Hud
- Omar Khayyám
- Al-Khazini
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace)
- Al-Ghazali (Algazel)
- Al-Marrakushi
- Al-Samawal
- Ibn Rushd (Averroes)
- Ibn Seena (Avicenna)
- Hunayn ibn Ishaq
- Ibn al-Banna'
- Ibn al-Shatir
- Ja'far ibn Muhammad Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi(Albumasar)
- Jamshīd al-Kāshī
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī
- Muḥyi al-Dīn al-Maghribī
- Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi
- Muhammad Baqir Yazdi
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi - 13th century Persianmathematician and philosopher
- Qāḍī Zāda al-Rūmī
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi
- Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī
- Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf
- Ulugh Beg
- Al-Samawal al-Maghribi (1130–1180)
Philosphers:
- Al-Kindi
- Averroes
- Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
- Al-Farabi
- Avicenna
- Ibn Arabi
- Rumi
- Jami
- Ibn Khaldun
- Mir Damad
- Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
- Muhammad Iqbal
- Javed Ahmed Ghamdi
- Quassim Cassam
Physicists and engineers:
- Mimar Sinan (1489-1588), also known as Koca Mi'mâr Sinân Âğâ
- Jafar al-Sadiq, 8th century
- Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa), 9th century
- Abbas Ibn Firnas (Armen Firman), 9th century
- Al-Saghani (d. 990)
- Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (Kuhi), 10th century
- Ibn Sahl, 10th century
- Ibn Yunus, 10th century
- Al-Karaji, 10th century
- Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen), 11th century Iraqiscientist, father of optics,[37] and experimental physics,[38] considered the "first scientist"[39]
- Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, 11th century, pioneer of experimental mechanics[40]
- Ibn Sīnā/Seena (Avicenna), 11th century
- Al-Khazini, 12th century
- Ibn Bajjah (Avempace), 12th century
- Hibat Allah Abu'l-Barakat al-Baghdaadi(Nathanel), 12th century
- Ibn Rushd/Rooshd (Averroes), 12th centuryAndalusian mathematician, philosopher and medical expert
- Al-Jazari, 13th century civil engineer,
- Nasir al-Din Tusi, 13th century
- Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi, 13th century
- Kamāl al-Dīn al-Fārisī, 13th century
- Ibn al-Shatir, 14th century
- Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf, 16th century
- Hezarfen Ahmet Celebi, 17th century
- Lagari Hasan Çelebi, 17th century
- Sake Dean Mahomet, 18th century
- Abdus Salam, 20th century Pakistani physicist, winner of Nobel Prize in 1979
- Fazlur Khan, 20th century Bangladeshi Structural Engineer
- Mahmoud Hessaby, 20th century Iranian physicist
- Ali Javan, 20th century Iranian physicist
- Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie, 20th century Indonesian aerospace engineer and president
- Abdul Kalam, Indian aeronautical engineer,nuclear scientist and the 11th President ofIndia
- Mehran Kardar, Iranian theoretical physicist
- Munir Nayfeh Palestinian-American particle physicist
- Abdul Qadeer Khan, Pakistani metallurgistand nuclear scientist
- Riazuddin, Pakistani theoretical physicist
- Samar Mubarakmand, Pakistani nuclear scientist known for his research in gamma spectroscopy and experimental development of the linear accelerator
- Shahid Hussain Bokhari, Pakistani researcher in the field of parallel and distributed computing
- Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood, Pakistaninuclear engineer and nuclear physicist
- Ali Musharafa, Egyptian nuclear physicist
- Sameera Moussa, Egyptian nuclear physicist
- Munir Ahmed Khan, Pakistani nuclear scientist
- Kerim Kerimov, founder of Soviet space program, a lead architect behind first human spaceflight (Vostok 1), and the lead architect of the first space stations (Salyut andMir)[41][42]
- Farouk El-Baz, NASA scientist involved in the first Moon landings with the Apollo program[43]
- Cumrun Vafa, Iranian theoretical physicist and string theorist
Political Scientists:
